Andalasian International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Sciences (AIJANS)

The Optimum Condition for Total Carotenoid Extraction from Orange Sweet Potato

2023-09-14T14:58:00+07:00

This study aimed to find the optimum conditions for extracting the carotenoid content in orange sweet potato in an applied application. The extracted carotenoids will be used as raw materials to produce rose-scented aromatic compounds (b-ionone). The extraction process was carried out on dry matter using maceration technique and using hexane as solvent. Other solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and choloroform were also used to extract carotenoids from orange sweet potato. The use of wet samples and dry samples was also carried out in this study. The ratio of the solvent used with the material was 1:3. Based on the yield and spectrophotometric characterization, it was known that the extraction process with hexane solvent can extract carotenoid compounds from dry orange sweet potato powder if the extraction process is carried out 7 times

Economic Feasibility of Ginger Emprit Extract Drink (Zingiber officinale Var. Amarum ) using CMC Stabilizer

2023-09-19T14:24:03+07:00

: The tempe industry is one of the most numerous industries in Indonesia, so there is a high opportunity for making tempeh juice in the tempe industry. The application of tempeh in the manufacture of tempeh essence drink with emprit ginger extract is expected to provide benefits to the tempe industry in Indonesia. Tempe juice drink is one of the processed food products made from tempeh. Tempe juice drink is added with emprit ginger extract to remove the unpleasant aroma from tempeh and give flavor to the tempeh juice drink. On manufacture Tempe juice drink Emprit ginger extract need addition material CMC stabilizer for increase stability and viscosity product . Study This aim To determine the economic feasibility, an economic analysis was carried out regarding the feasibility of applying tempeh juice in the tempe industry. The research begins with making assumptions and analyzing the parameters, components and cost structure, the need for investment funds and working capital. This parameter calculates projected production, revenue and cash flow. Determination of the economic feasibility of the Tempe juice drink with Emprit ginger extract with the Net Present Value (NPV), Incremental Rate of Return (IRR), Net B/C and Pay Back Period (PBP). The assumption of drinking tempeh juice with emprit ginger extract in a year is 45600 bottles at a price of IDR 10,000.00 / bottle . The proportion of capital comes from 60% own capital and 40% credit. The average operational cost per year is IDR 278 . 606 . 467 .00, variable costs Rp 233 . 606 . 467 ,00 and a flat fee of Rp 45 . 000 . 00 0.00 . Average income per year Rp 319 . 2 00,000.00 while spending Rp 304 . 017 . 802.00 . _ The profit earned is Rp 151 . 982 . 198 . Sales profit 2 8.33 % with 15% tax per year. This business BEP occurs in sales with an average value of Rp. 151 . 982 . 198 or 33 , 33 % of production capacity per year. The results showed that the NPV was Rp 156 . 180 . 415 , IRR is 53 %, and Net B/C is 1.82 times. Based on existing criteria or assumptions, this business is feasible to run with PBP for two years, or the capital invested in this business can be returned before the project ends (3 many years).

Keywords: tempe juice, emprit ginger extract, CMC

Effect of Activator Types on the Production of Activated Carbon from Cocoa (Theobroma cacao, L.) Pod Husk as Metal Adsorbentp

2023-09-20T14:50:35+07:00

The objective of this study is to investigate the distinctive properties of activated carbon derived from cocoa pod husks that have been activated using various activators. The study seeks to assess the absorption capacity of the resulting activated carbon for the heavy metal Fe, and to identify the most effective activator for this purpose.

The activators used were ZnCl₂, H₃PO₄, KOH, and MgCl₂ each at a concentration of 10%. The characteristics of the activated carbon produced include; yield 70.18–82.24%, water content 0.75–2.25%, ash content 3.50–11.00%, part lost on heating 950? or volatile matter 9.38–15.61 %, pure activated carbon of 76.94–79.16%, and absorption of iodine of 574.36–628.30 mg/g. The utilization of activated carbon derived from cocoa pod husks has demonstrated its efficacy in the adsorption of the heavy metal iron (Fe) present in well water. This adsorption process exhibits a notable absorption capacity within the range of 0.0967–0.0991 mg/g, accompanied by a high absorption efficiency ranging from 96.62% to 99.02%. The most effective activator, as determined by its iodine number, was found to be potassium hydroxide (KOH), which exhibited an impressive absorption capacity of 628.30 mg/g of iodine. On the other hand, magnesium chloride (MgCl2) emerged as the most economically viable activator, with a price of Rp. 30,00 per gram.

The Effect of Difference In Press Time on Physical Properties and Mechanical Particle Board Without Adhesive From Coconut Fiber and Gambier Processed Pulp

2023-09-21T08:04:37+07:00

This study aims to determine the effect of differences in the length of time when pressing for the manufacture of particle board without adhesive from a mixture of coconut coir fiber and processed gambir leaf dregs on the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting non-adhesive particle board. The method used in this study was a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Data were analyzed using variance, followed by Duncan`s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at 5% level. The comparison ratio used in the manufacture of particle board without adhesive from coconut coir fiber and processed gambir waste is 60% : 40%. The treatments in this study were A (8 minutes of pressing time), B (10 minutes of pressing time), C (12 minutes of pressing time), D (14 minutes of pressing time), E (16 minutes of pressing time). carried out is a test of physical properties and mechanical properties. The results showed that the length of time of compression affected the physical and mechanical properties of the non-adhesive particleboard. The best treatment was treatment A (pressing time 8 minutes). Observation of physical properties obtained density 0.68 g/cm3, moisture content 13.42%, water absorption 132.87%, thickness swelling 66.84%, mechanical properties fracture toughness (MOR) 90.40 kg/cm2, toughness compressive parallel to the surface of 50.07 kg/cm2, and internal bond (IB) 1.45 kg/cm2.

The Effect Wilting Tangerine Peel on Characteristics of Powder Used In Food Self-Heater

2023-09-21T20:14:58+07:00

Food self-heater is instant food heater that works on principle of an exothermic reaction or endothermic. However, until now there has been no self-heater equipped with a specific aroma. aroma used is sourced from raw material of orange peel waste. This Study aimed to determine changes in content limonene compounds in orange peel essential oil with effect of tangerine peel wilting and to determine best food self-heater with addition tangerine peel powder as an aromatic ingredient in food self-heater. Study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Treatment used was wilting time of tangerine peels, namely A (0 hours), B (6 hours), C (12 hours), D (24 hours) and E (48 hours). Results showed that wilting time of tangerine peels had a significant effect on moisture content, yield, pH, color, length of time for aromatic self-heater food to reach optimum temperature, aroma, but had no significant effect on limonene content. Best food self-heater based on length of time aromatic food self-heater reaches optimum temperature and organoleptic aroma is treatment D (withered orange peel after 24 hours) with length of time aromatic food self-heater reaches optimum temperature ± 4,5 minutes and organoleptic results fragrance 4,2 (likes).

Antioxidant Activity and Physicochemical Characteristics of Dry Noodles with a Mixture of Wheat Flour and Kidney Bean Flour With the Addition of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria Ternatea L.) Extract

2023-08-17T18:39:35+07:00

This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity and physicochemical properties of dried noodles mixed with wheat flour and red bean flour with the addition of butterfly pea flower (Clitoria Ternatea L.) extract. The design used in this study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. Data analysis using ANOVA and further test with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) analysis at 5% level. The treatments used in this study were treatment A (20 ml water: 0 ml butterfly pea extract), B (15 ml water: 5 ml butterfly pea extract), C (10 ml water: 10 ml butterfly pea extract), D (water 5 ml: 15 ml butterfly pea extract), and E (0 ml of water: 20 ml of butterfly pea extract). The results of this study significantly affected the 5% level on the water content test, ash content, fat test, protein test, carbohydrates, antioxidant activity, and physical analysis of color. Based on the physical and chemical analysis of dried noodle products, the best treatment was in treatment C (addition of 10g telang flower extract) with a color test value of 232.98°Hue, an elasticity test of 26.50%, a moisture content of 6,36%, a ash 1.49%, fat content 2.14%, protein content 19.36%, carbohydrate content 70.63%, and antioxidant activity 33.32%.

EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZAE INOCULATION AND MAGGOT COMPOST ON SUNFLOWER DEVELOPMENT ON MARGINAL LAND

2023-06-22T10:35:15+07:00

The use of inorganic fertilizers for a long time has an adverse impact on soil quality and the environment. For this reason, an agricultural approach that uses potential natural resources is needed. One of them is by applying agriculture in an organic concept that utilizes biological materials such as mycorrhiza and the addition of maggot compost. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and maggot compost on the development of sunflowers on marginal land. In practice, the study used a randomized block design consisting of two factors, namely mycorrhizal inoculum and maggot compost which was repeated 3 times. The results of the study showed that mycorrhizal inoculation and maggot compost had an influence on the development of sunflowers such as the time of full bloom, ribbon flower diameter, tube flower diameter, number of seeds planted and weight of 100 seeds on marginal land. the higher the dose of mycorrhiza and maggot compost applied, the increase in each parameter observed in sunflower development on marginal land.

GROWTH ANALYSIS OF THREE SOYBEAN VARIETIES ON ULTISOL

2023-05-31T09:19:08+07:00

Expansion of planting areas by utilizing sub-optimal land and the use of superior varieties is one of the alternatives in increasing soybean production in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the growth of three soybean varieties on Ultisol land in the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. This activity was conducted from September to November of 2022. The soybean varieties used in this study were Dena 1, Devon 1, and Demas 1. This research was designed using a Randomized Group Design with 1 factor, namely the type of variety with 3 groups of replications. The observation results of each treatment were analyzed statistically. If F count is greater than F table, then continued with Tukey's Further Test at the 5% level. It was concluded that some of the observed characters of the three soybean varieties showed that there were significant differences in growth in the observation of plant height and leaf area index. While in the observation of plant growth rate and the ratio of crown: root there was no significant difference between the tested varieties.